Functional urology deals with disorders affecting bladder storage and emptying that are not caused by structural abnormalities alone. These conditions may include overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, voiding dysfunction, urinary retention, and neurogenic bladder disorders. Patients often experience symptoms such as urgency, frequency, poor urinary flow, or incomplete bladder emptying. Diagnosis involves detailed clinical evaluation, urodynamic studies, imaging, and laboratory tests to identify the underlying functional cause. Treatment is individualised and may include behavioural therapy, pelvic floor rehabilitation, medications, minimally invasive interventions, or advanced therapies when required. The goal is to restore normal bladder function, improve symptoms, and enhance overall quality of life.